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Additional
Resources
Ahearn, Eileen P. MD, PhD., PhD, Timothy Juergens, MD, Tracey Smith, PhD,
Dean Krahn, MD, MS, and Ned Kalin,MD. “Fear, Anxiety, and the Neuroimaging
of PTSD.” Psychopharmacology Bulletin. Vol. 40(3):88-103 (2007).
(http://www.medworksmedia.com/psychopharmbulletin/pdf/22/PB-40-3-11-Ahearn.pdf)
The clinical manifestations of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) include both
fear and anxiety symptoms. Animal studies provide significant information about
the neurobiological pathways involved in fear and anxiety and are relevant to
the study of PTSD. These studies are reviewed along with Rauch’s proposed
neurobiologic model for PTSD. An attempt to provide a clearer understanding
of the biologic underpinnings of PTSD and bridge the knowledge between animal
neurobiology and human studies.
Culhane-Pera, Kathleen A., Dorthy E. Vawter, Phua Xiong, Barbara Babbitt,
Mary M. Solberg, eds. Healing with Heart: Clinical and Ethical Case Stories
of Hmong Families and Western Providers (Vanderbilt University Press, 2003).
Healing by Heart is a book of stories of people's search for culturally
responsive health care from U.S. providers. It offers resources to providers
and institutions committed to delivering culturally responsive health care,
paying special attention to building successful relationships with traditional
Hmong patients and families. It makes available extensive information about
the health-related beliefs, practices, and values of the Hmong people,
including photographs of traditional healing methods.
Joseph Westermeyer, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D. “PTSD among Refugees.”
(http://psydoc-fr.broca.inserm.fr/colloques/cr/apa96/apawestermeyer.pdf)
PTSD rarely occurs without another Axis 1 disorder. Even more than Panic Disorder,
it occurs with a wide range of Mood, Anxiety, Substance and other disorders.
Secondary gain can complicate assessment and treatment for veterans, accident
victims, and others who might profit from this diagnosis. Some degree of
alexithymia (which can also occur in other disorders) is virtually universal.
Study of PTSD among refugees may contribute to our understanding of this
confusing condition. Likewise, improved understanding of PTSD may facilitate
the care and possible prevention of PTSD among refugees.
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